高原科学研究

湿地植物作为湿地生态系统的生产者，其组成特征反映生态系统特征和稳定性。文章以麦地卡湿地种子植物为研究对象，通过野外实地调查，系统采集并整理分析了湿地种子植物科属组成、植物区系性质及生活型特征。结果表明，麦地卡湿地共记录到种子植物230种，隶属113属38科，包括裸子植物1科1属1种，被子植物37科112属229种；被子植物占绝对优势且多为多年生草本，科的组成以小型科和单种科为主，属的组成主体为单种属和小型属；麦地卡湿地种子植物科的分布区类型以世界广布型为主，热带和温带分布类型的科也占有较高的比例；属的分布区类型呈现出显著的温带性质，北温带分布型占比最高，而热带成分则以泛热带分布型为主，其次是世界广布；共记录到3个中国特有属，未见中国特有科；对麦地卡湿地与其他区域植物区系R/T值(热带成分与温带成分之比)进行比较，其与年楚河流域的植物区系特征最为接近。文章明确了麦地卡湿地种子植物区系以温带成分为主导的基本特征，为青藏高原高寒湿地植物多样性保护提供了科学依据。

Wetland plants, as the producers of wetland ecosystems, reflect the characteristics and stability of the ecosystem through their composition. This study focuses on the seed plants in the Mitika Wetland and their family and genus composition, floristic characteristics and life form types were analyzed based on field data collection and systematic analysis. A total of 230 seed plant species were recorded in the Miika Wetland, belonging to 113 genera and 38 families, including 1 species of gymnosperm and 229 species of angiosperms in 112 genera and 37 families, and perennial herbs being the most abundant plant in the study area. The family composition is primarily characterized by small and monotypic families, and the generic composition is also dominated by monotypic and small genera. In terms of geographical distribution type at the family level, cosmopolitan distribution types are predominant followed by tropical and temperate distribution types. At the genus level, it exhibits distinct temperate characteristics with the North Temperate distribution type being the most prevalent. Tropical elements are mainly represented by the Pantropical distribution type followed by cosmopolitan distributions. Three genera are endemic to China, while no endemic family to China was found in the study area. The comparison of R/T value(ratio of tropical to temperate elements) between the study area and adjacent areas revealed that the geographical distribution characteristics of the Mitika Wetland are most similar to those of the Nianchu River basin.